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Phalgram Attacks: A Terror Attack...


Pahalgam Attacks: A Look into the Conflict and Responses by India and Pakistan

Nestled in the serene valleys of Jammu and Kashmir, Pahalgam is known for its breathtaking beauty and as a base for the revered Amarnath Yatra. However, like many parts of South Kashmir, this picturesque town has not been immune to the shadow of militancy. Over the years, several terrorist attacks and security threats have disrupted the peace in and around Pahalgam, reflecting the broader conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue.

Understanding the Context

Since the late 1980s, Kashmir has been a hotspot of insurgency, with militant groups operating in the region, many of whom India alleges are supported from across the border in Pakistan. Pahalgam, though primarily a tourist destination, has seen sporadic militant activity, especially during the high-alert periods of the Amarnath Yatra, a major Hindu pilgrimage.

While there is no singular, widely known event labeled as the "Pahalgam Attack," several incidents have occurred in or near the region, contributing to the ongoing narrative of instability in Jammu and Kashmir.

India’s Response: Securing Peace and Stability

India has adopted a multi-pronged approach to tackle the threat of terrorism in Pahalgam and the wider Kashmir Valley:

1. Security Operations

  • Deployment of the Indian Army, CRPF, and local police for round-the-clock vigilance.
  • Launch of large-scale operations like "Operation All-Out" to eliminate militant threats.
  • Use of surveillance technology, including drones and satellites.

2. Protection of Pilgrimages

  • Special focus on safeguarding the Amarnath Yatra, including road sanitization, convoy security, and intelligence inputs.
  • Temporary suspension of pilgrimages during periods of heightened threats to avoid civilian casualties.

3. Intelligence and Coordination

  • Strengthening coordination between RAW, IB, NIA, and local law enforcement.
  • Encouraging community policing and local informant networks.

4. Development and Engagement

  • Launch of government schemes to engage youth through education, employment, and skill training.
  • Infrastructure development to build public trust and reduce alienation.

5. Diplomatic Pressure on Pakistan

  • Internationalizing the issue of cross-border terrorism at platforms like the United Nations, FATF, and G20.
  • Pushing for global sanctions against terror outfits operating from Pakistani soil.

Pakistan’s Measures and Reactions

Pakistan, which claims to support the "right to self-determination" for the people of Kashmir, often denies involvement in any militant activities in the region. However, its stance and actions have been controversial:

1. Denial and Diplomatic Offensives

  • Consistently denies harboring or supporting terrorist groups.
  • Highlights alleged human rights violations by Indian forces in Kashmir at international forums.

2. Limited Crackdowns

  • Occasionally arrests or places house arrest on known figures like Hafiz Saeed under international pressure.
  • Many such actions are criticized as being symbolic rather than substantive.

3. Ceasefire Agreements

  • In February 2021, Pakistan and India reaffirmed the 2003 ceasefire agreement along the Line of Control (LoC), bringing a brief period of peace.
  • However, trust deficit remains, and ceasefire violations still occur intermittently.

Conclusion: The Road Ahead

Pahalgam’s peaceful future depends on the continued efforts to curb militancy, improve regional development, and sustain dialogue between India and Pakistan. While security measures are crucial, so is the emotional and economic healing of the local population.

As tensions persist, the hope remains that the valleys of Kashmir, including Pahalgam, will one day be known only for their beauty—not their battles.


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